…activates vascular smooth muscle potassium channels to produce vasodilation. Although primarily defined by these mechanisms, levosimendan also exhibits some type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI) activity…

…evidence of systemic venous congestion Blood pressure and evidence of hypotension Clinical evidence of low cardiac output or shock RVI may produce severe venous congestion…

…smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression…

…salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase the entry of salicylate into the central nervous system. Discuss…

…stenosis. Diagnostics Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Monitoring An ECG should be performed if there is suspicion of syncope due to an arrhythmia or underlying cardiac disease…

…gaze palsy — that can be assessed before and during the window of effect. The muscarinic effect may at the same time produce marked bradycardia and…

…careful monitoring, and shared decision making. Definition and Pathophysiology Aging related cardiovascular vulnerability Normal aging produces structural and functional cardiovascular changes that increase susceptibility to…

…is myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural…

…procedure, and anticipated electrical environment. Preoperative evaluation Establish the nature and function of the device The following should be determined before surgery: Device type: pacemaker…

…end stage renal disease, may produce elevated troponin concentrations. The probability of MI increases continuously as the absolute hs cTn concentration rises. Early absolute changes…