…right atrial pressure. Levosimendan represents a distinct class of inodilator. It enhances myocardial contractility and induces peripheral vasodilation through cardiac myofilament calcium sensitisation. This process…

…evidence of systemic venous congestion Blood pressure and evidence of hypotension Clinical evidence of low cardiac output or shock RVI may produce severe venous congestion…

…smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression…

…ECG monitoring. Fluid where hypovolaemia is likely, but avoid repeated blind boluses in cardiogenic toxic shock D Plasma glucose immediately. Assess the level of consciousness…

…branch block. Cardiac monitoring is indicated for patients with a high pretest probability of arrhythmia causing syncope. In hospital monitoring is reserved for those wit

…gaze palsy — that can be assessed before and during the window of effect. The muscarinic effect may at the same time produce marked bradycardia and…

…careful monitoring, and shared decision making. Definition and Pathophysiology Aging related cardiovascular vulnerability Normal aging produces structural and functional cardiovascular changes that increase susceptibility to…

…is myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural…

…absence of malfunction, a pacemaker should have been checked within the preceding 12 months and an ICD within the preceding 6 months. Remote monitoring may…

…lead ECG Initial hs cTn measurement Continuous cardiac monitoring The source material does not provide a detailed list of physical examination findings or a specific…