…right atrial pressure. Levosimendan represents a distinct class of inodilator. It enhances myocardial contractility and induces peripheral vasodilation through cardiac myofilament calcium sensitisation. This process…

…evidence of systemic venous congestion Blood pressure and evidence of hypotension Clinical evidence of low cardiac output or shock RVI may produce severe venous congestion…

…smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression…

…needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation…

…branch block. Cardiac monitoring is indicated for patients with a high pretest probability of arrhythmia causing syncope. In hospital monitoring is reserved for those wit

…gaze palsy — that can be assessed before and during the window of effect. The muscarinic effect may at the same time produce marked bradycardia and…

…careful monitoring, and shared decision making. Definition and Pathophysiology Aging related cardiovascular vulnerability Normal aging produces structural and functional cardiovascular changes that increase susceptibility to…

…is myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural…

…equipment used during surgery, particularly electrosurgery. EMI may produce inappropriate sensing, activation of rate responsive functions, device resetting, inhibition of pacing, inappropriate ICD therapy, or…

…lead ECG Initial hs cTn measurement Continuous cardiac monitoring The source material does not provide a detailed list of physical examination findings or a specific…