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Noradrenaline, Dobutamine and Levosimendan: Practical Infusion Use

…peripartum cardiomyopathy, or secondary to known cardiac conditions; in these patients, symptoms may be challenging to differentiate from normal physiological changes of pregnancy. Evaluation and…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risks. The diagnostic prerequisite for clinical AF remains the documentation of the arrhythmia via a standard 12 lead ECG or…

Epidemiological aspects of cardiac arrest

…recorded ECG) is a very strong predictor of survival. This is because cardiac arrest presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) can…

Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

…particularly electrosurgery. EMI may produce inappropriate sensing, activation of rate responsive functions, device resetting, inhibition of pacing, inappropriate ICD therapy, or, less commonly, device damage…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…beginning of the next inspiration. Normal ETCO 2 : 38 mmHg (5 kPa) or 5%. Monitoring ETCO 2 aids in: Assessing ventilation quality. Determining ventilation rate…

Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…Cardiac output and blood pressure, rather than ECG, are the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes. Non acute or asymptomatic bradycardia Non acute bradycardia is a…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…days as necessary. Supplemental infusions of 150 mg over 10 minutes can be utilized for breakthrough ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). IV infusions…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…assess renal function and the rate of rise. Often outpatient or brief inpatient follow up depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6.0 to 6…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…and the maximum infusion rate. Rapid overview Time from seizure onset Action : : 0 to 5 minutes ABCDE, start timing, glucose, monitoring, intravenous or intraosseous access…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…cardiac biomarkers. Intermediate low risk PE includes stable patients who are not low risk but have either RV dysfunction or elevated biomarkers, or neither of…

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