…or external stimuli. The underlying pathophysiology is rooted in autonomic dysregulation within a structurally normal heart. During an episode, decreased cardiac output and a potential…

…absence of malfunction, a pacemaker should have been checked within the preceding 12 months and an ICD within the preceding 6 months. Remote monitoring may…

…disability, exposure (ABCDE) approach is applicable in bradycardia (Figure 1). Cardiac output and blood pressure, rather than ECG, are the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes…

…not exclude dangerous hyperkalaemia. Record a 12 lead ECG and start cardiac monitoring at a plasma potassium above 6.0 mmol/L, and at lower…

…by systemic congestion resulting from impaired RV filling and/or reduced RV output. Recognition of this syndrome is critical because it may precede haemodynamic collapse…

…typically manifests in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, low cardiac output, and dyspnea at rest that persists despite administration of diuretics and vasodilators. Clinically…

…perfusion may be compromised. Hemodynamic determinants of MAP Hemodynamically, MAP is influenced by cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), as described by the…

…hypotension, marked low output, or persistent severe symptoms require close monitoring and consideration of invasive haemodynamic assessment when precise measurements are needed to guide therapy…

…ganglion block (SGB) or cardiac surgical sympathetic denervation can be performed to mechanically reduce sympathetic output [4]. Evaluation of Treatment and Alternatives for Drug Failure…

…al ). The incidence of treated cardiac arrests outside hospitals (OHCA) is about 70 cases per 100,000 person years in Europe ( EuReCA One, Benjamin et…