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Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…Management Definition and Clinical Characteristics Torsades de pointes (TdP) represents a multifactorial clinical entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…persists a biopsy instead. 2. Photograph the lesion — it will disappear, and the documentation is all that remains. 3. Pare down any hyperkeratosis with a…

Lung function and respiration

…Since 2022 the z score with a lower limit of normal at z = −1.64 (the fifth percentile) has been recommended in preference to…

Spirometry

…abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of disease progression. Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease…

Nasogastric tube

…airway produces no reliable symptoms in a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first feed then becomes a direct instillation into the lung…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…lung disease or hypoxia, chronic thromboembolic obstruction, or a range of miscellaneous conditions. Because several mechanisms may coexist, diagnosis and classification must integrate haemodynamics with…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…the transducer is greater and more lung tissue obscures the heart. Therefore, most images in adult TTE are obtained with the patient positioned in the…

Central venous catheter

…departments — follow local protocol. Severe lung disease or a contralateral pneumothorax: avoid the subclavian and jugular routes on the healthy side, since a pneumothorax there…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…tazobactam 4 g × 4 IV plus gentamicin 5–7 mg/kg IV as a single dose Urosepsis with shock and suspected ESBL meropenem 1 g…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…and incompletely absorbed after oral administration, with systemic bioavailability ranging from 25% to 65% and minimal hepatic first pass extraction. Following a single oral dose…

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