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Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Preeclampsia Preterm delivery Gestational…

Wound suturing

…to its depth, and has not been assessed for tendon and nerve injury will heal badly however neatly the suture is placed. The commonest cause…

Myocardial Mechanics: Structure and Function of Myocardial Fibers

…ventricular wall consists of an inner lining (endocardium), a thick muscle layer (myocardium) and an outer lining (epicardium). These layers are analogous to tunica intima …

The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion

…important in STE ACS (STEMI) and the following parameters on the ECG are assessed: Normalization (return) of ST segment elevations Rapid T wave inversion Normalization…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction: lack of oxygen or imbalance between supply/demand

…tissues and organs. A few decades later Cohnheim demonstrated that ligation of the left anterior descending artery in dogs resulted in myoardial infarction. An important…

Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA)

…change in flow profile results in the formation of a hemisphere with several layers. Flow velocity is equal within each layer (Figure 1). Figure 1…

Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation

…the fibers of the mid wall. Contraction in this layer results in a twisting (rotating) motion of the entire left ventricle. Basal segments rotate clockwise…

Electrical cardioversion

…can precipitate ventricular fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of unknown duration without anticoagulation can cause a stroke hours to weeks later. Everything else in the…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…release preparations, anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss…

Joint aspiration

…send a culture, await the result and inject later. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide…

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