…or cannot be advanced. An introducer for the atraumatic needle — it is too soft to pass through the skin on its own. Local anaesthesia: lidocaine…

CPR This chapter will introduce the most common and essential terms used in resuscitation science, providing a foundation for understanding subsequent chapters. SCA (Sudden Cardiac…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

…diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥90 mmHg. It introduces a separate category of elevated blood pressure, defined as office SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP…

…plasma and platelets. Observational data from trauma suggest a lower overall mortality after such protocols are introduced, although the effect on 24 hour mortality is…

…The leads are introduced into one of the larger veins (typically the subclavian vein) and guided further down to the heart where they contact the…

…27] . Recent guideline updates have introduced critical nuances to HF terminology to reflect the dynamic nature of myocardial remodeling. The designation "Heart Failure with improved…

…1980s. Beta blockers, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) were introduced and improved survival dramatically. When the pioneers Waagstein, Hjalmarsson, and…

…1980s. Beta blockers, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) were introduced and improved survival dramatically. When the pioneers Waagstein, Hjalmarsson, and…

…Over the years, a large number of parameters have been introduced to assess left ventricular function. The majority of these parameters can be calculated or…

…work inwards towards the centre. 4. Wipe away excess silver nitrate so that the adjacent mucosa is not burned. 5. Inspect again after 10–15…

…3. Introduce the nasal speculum with the handle parallel to the floor and the index finger supported against the patient's nose and cheek . Open…

…Open the mouth, introduce the mask with the aperture facing the tongue and follow the hard palate with your index finger as a guide. 5…

…generously with lidocaine gel. 6. Introduce the electrode along the floor of the nose, parallel with the palate and straight backwards , not upwards towards the…

…in guiding therapeutic decisions for LQTS patients. Traditional assessment methods have focused on genotype and QTc interval prolongation. In 2018, Mazzanti et al. introduced the…

…in guiding therapeutic decisions for LQTS patients. Traditional assessment methods have focused on genotype and QTc interval prolongation. In 2018, Mazzanti et al. introduced the…

…and lower thrombogenicity. Stent thrombosis Early metallic stents reduced acute closure but introduced the risk of thrombosis related to the intravascular foreign body. First generation…

…of collapse. Pericardiocentesis , performed using a large needle introduced either via the subxiphoid or apical window, is generally considered less effective than thoracotomy. This is…