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Central venous catheter

…large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens, suture material or a securement device, transparent dressing…

Cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis

…Administer 100% oxygen promptly and ensure oxygen saturation remains 94%. Provide an intravenous or intraosseous fluid bolus, beginning with 500 ml of normal saline over…

Noradrenaline, Dobutamine and Levosimendan: Practical Infusion Use

…metabolite with a half life exceeding 80 hours, allowing for sustained hemodynamic effects for days after the infusion is discontinued. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) acts primarily as…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…Lathundar About this quick reference Treatment protocols differ between regions. Always follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and level of care…

Urinary alkalinisation

…adult this corresponds to the order of 100–200 mL of the 50 mg/mL solution. 6. Continue with a continuous infusion of sodium bicarbonate …

🟠 Vernakalant (Brinavess)

…given over 10 minutes. Maximum infusion of 226 mg, which is 56,5 ml of the 4 mg/ml solution. Cumulative doses of more than…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…masks the diagnosis has been disproved — withholding it delays the investigation instead. Preparation and equipment Working venous access and an infusion solution. A pulse oximeter…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…precipitate ventricular fibrillation. Prioritise rewarming. Bradycardia in a patient with a normal circulation and no symptoms requires no pacing, only monitoring and preparedness. Asystole with…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…not by the potassium value alone. A normal ECG does not exclude dangerous hyperkalaemia. Record a 12 lead ECG and start cardiac monitoring at a…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…not hold in all patients. Error in Calculation : The original formula’s inclusion of “ 100” for Qp/Qs is likely a typo; standard practice uses…

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