…litre calibration syringe), a disposable mouthpiece with a bacterial filter, a nose clip, a chair with armrests, a bronchodilator with a spacer, and current reference…

…pinhole. A slit lamp with a cobalt blue filter; alternatively a magnifying loupe and a Wood's lamp. Oxybuprocaine or tetracaine drops (topical anaesthesia). Fluorescein…

…Mitral flow velocities are measured using Pulsed Doppler. Tissue Doppler is used to measuring mitral annular plane velocity. The American Society for Echocardiography (ASE) and…

…the massive transfusion protocol. Plasma and platelets: in ongoing bleeding with coagulopathy, or as part of balanced transfusion in massive haemorrhage. Transfusion thresholds in the…

…usually with colour coded connectors (red and black) and a stiffening stylet. A Rostock filter or an equivalent amplifier unit between the electrode and the…

…the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap — intraosseous flow requires pressure ; gravity is not…

…systolic function and their combined use allows for careful mapping of systolic function. It is important to be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of…

…ultrasound machine filters out all other reflected sound waves, such that only those representing myocardium are recorded. Pulsed tissue Doppler Pulsed tissue Doppler uses a…

…Thus, the electrical potential difference is the difference in the electrical potential detected by two (or more) electrodes. The previous discussion outlined how depolarization and…