…Proliferation and accumulation of tissue within the stent progressively reduce the lumen. The stent scaffold prevents the external constriction that characterizes restenosis after balloon angioplasty…

…Ventricular contraction has ceased or unable to generate perfusion. SCD (sudden cardiac death) : Death resulting from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Cardiovascular collapse : Sudden cessation of…

ECG Principles of myocardial excitability Myocardium is excitable not only by action potentials originating in the sinus node, but also by external electrical stimuli that…

…a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to substances such…

…myocardium may be excited by external electrical stimuli that drive the cells to threshold. Stimulation threshold is the minimum amount of energy required to reach…

ECG Exercise stress test Definition and clinical role Exercise electrocardiographic testing is a standardized assessment in which a patient performs progressively increasing external work, usually…

…the fingertips — fingerprints in the plaster become pressure points against the skin. 6. Fold the ends of the stockinette back over the edge of the…

…lumen and visualization of the external elastic membrane (EEM). IVUS is consequently useful for determining vessel size, plaque burden, and the dimensions of lesions that…

…occur in over 40% of females and 30% of males due to a lack of effective reflex response to posture, venous pooling, or external stimuli…

…instantaneous identification of the initial rhythm ( Thorén et al ). The initial rhythm has immense significance for survival in cardiac arrest, regardless of all other circumstances…

…fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and include electrolyte disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines…

…arrest, BLS includes delivering high quality chest compressions, ventilations and use of an automatic external defibrillator (AED). BLS courses are provided by certified instructors worldwide…

…of the hand is suitable for finer cannulae. Avoid the lower limb in adults. In shock with collapsed vessels, the antecubital fossa or the external…

…needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation…

…a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder, elbow, finger, patella…

…if there is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open…

…0.4 0.8 2.1 Table 1. Survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to external causes ( Kitamura et al). References DeBehnke DJ…

…effects of external cardiac massage in trauma shock. J Trauma 1989; 29:1430 3 . Jeffcoach DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR…

…effects of external cardiac massage in trauma shock. J Trauma 1989; 29:1430 3 . Jeffcoach DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR…

…effects of external cardiac massage in trauma shock. J Trauma 1989; 29:1430 3 . Jeffcoach DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR…

…other trauma. Drowning Cardiac arrest due to drowning Electrocution Cardiac arrest due to electrical current through the heart. Asphyxia Asphyxia as a result of external…

…External resources Guidelines from ASE (American Society of Echocardiography) Guidelines from ESC (European Society for Cardiology) Preparations for the examination Patients referred for echocardiography should…

…Implementation of an external artificial pacemaker is an effective treatment. In cthe ase of concomitant tachyarrhythmia, the pacemaker allows for adequate (high) dosing of rate…

…team (CAT) and intensive care units and other units caring for resuscitated patients. Figure 1. The chain of survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest…

…canal stenosis or exostoses Narrow and hard to reach Ongoing otitis externa Pain, spread of infection A small or uncooperative child Movement causes injury Preparation…

…Enteral nutrition and drug administration when the patient cannot swallow safely, for example after a stroke. Sampling of gastric contents and evacuation in poisoning (see…

…reversible causes of cardiac arrest becomes more critical than performing chest compressions. Hemorrhages, either manifesting externally or concealed internally, account for approximately half of all…

…a high risk of hypoglycaemia 8–12 mmol/L The critically ill patient in intensive care According to the local protocol Avoid tight targets in…

…0 g/kg/day Enteral nutrition Started within 48 h where possible Thromboprophylaxis Low molecular weight heparin unless contraindicated Head of the bed 30–45°…