…the arrhythmia first. Known stricture or tumour of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Oesophageal varices. Recent surgery of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Marked nausea…

…an occluded nasal passage Relative Oesophageal varices or recent oesophageal or gastric surgery Relative Marked coagulopathy or ongoing epistaxis Relative Oesophageal stricture or a known…

…Gastric lavage Corrosive injury or suspected oesophageal perforation Gastric lavage Petroleum products Gastric lavage Oesophageal varices, coagulopathy, recent oesophageal or gastric surgery Gastric lavage Seizures…

…happens when the first attempt fails. Desaturation and unrecognised oesophageal intubation are the two mechanisms that kill patients during airway management , and both are predictable…

…single most important tool when intubation fails, since it restores oxygenation without requiring a view down into the larynx. The difficult airway rarely kills because…

…no absolute contraindications. With active cooling to hypothermia , caution applies in: Ongoing uncontrolled bleeding or marked coagulopathy. Severe sepsis and septic shock. Already marked hypothermia…

…faintness, and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured…