…the arrhythmia first. Known stricture or tumour of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Oesophageal varices. Recent surgery of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Marked nausea…

…an occluded nasal passage Relative Oesophageal varices or recent oesophageal or gastric surgery Relative Marked coagulopathy or ongoing epistaxis Relative Oesophageal stricture or a known…

…Gastric lavage Corrosive injury or suspected oesophageal perforation Gastric lavage Petroleum products Gastric lavage Oesophageal varices, coagulopathy, recent oesophageal or gastric surgery Gastric lavage Seizures…

…happens when the first attempt fails. Desaturation and unrecognised oesophageal intubation are the two mechanisms that kill patients during airway management , and both are predictable…

…the posterior pharyngeal wall in a smooth movement until a clear resistance is felt — the tip of the cuff then lies at the oesophageal inlet…

…and equipment Continuous core temperature measurement. An oesophageal probe or a urinary catheter with a temperature sensor are the first choice; rectal or intravascular measurement…

…Gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal disorders may mimic myocardial ischaemia, including severe oesophageal spasm and acid reflux. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Characterising the presenting symptom The symptom…