…happens when the first attempt fails. Desaturation and unrecognised oesophageal intubation are the two mechanisms that kill patients during airway management , and both are predictable…

…Indications Decompression in ileus, subacute obstruction or gastric retention — the commonest indication on a surgical ward. Decompression in severe vomiting where the stomach does not…

…the posterior pharyngeal wall in a smooth movement until a clear resistance is felt — the tip of the cuff then lies at the oesophageal inlet…

…alkali) — it makes endoscopic assessment more difficult and causes vomiting Medicinal charcoal Petroleum products — vomiting with chemical pneumonitis as a consequence Medicinal charcoal Bowel obstruction…

…the arrhythmia first. Known stricture or tumour of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Oesophageal varices. Recent surgery of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Marked nausea…

…and equipment Continuous core temperature measurement. An oesophageal probe or a urinary catheter with a temperature sensor are the first choice; rectal or intravascular measurement…

…Gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal disorders may mimic myocardial ischaemia, including severe oesophageal spasm and acid reflux. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Characterising the presenting symptom The symptom…