…prolongation of survival. Neonatal screening with pulse oxymetry The majority of all congenital heart defects are detected early in infancy or childhood. For obvious reasons…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and classification Coronary anomalies are congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They…

…disorders, such as Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome [LQTS] and early repolarization syndrome. These conditions have an underlying genetic basis and may precipitate lethal arrhythmias…

…to cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, heritable aortopathies, selected congenital heart diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension and thromboembolic disorders. Most recognised heritable cardiovascular conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in…

…Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results…

…that results from long QT syndrome (LQTS). TdP occurs exclusively in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration…

…that results from long QT syndrome (LQTS). TdP occurs exclusively in individuals with LQTS (congenital or acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration…

…dilated cardiomyopathy) Ischemic heart disease (coronary heart disease) Rheumatic valve disease Endocarditis Congenital mitral regurgitation Amyloidosis SLE Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Rupture of papillary muscle…

Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog ECG Early repolarization pattern: confused J points, notches and slurs I once had the privilige of attending a lecture…

…the definition of early repolarization differs slightly in these two papers and the authors of this article decided to adopt the criteria from MacFarlane et…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions J wave syndromes: early repolarization pattern, Brugada syndrome, hypercalcemia and hypothermia The J wave – also referred to as Osborn's…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction pericarditis encompasses two temporally and clinically distinct complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): Early infarct associated pericarditis …

…and repeated dose , titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of…

…be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is the first line treatment and must be given early when anaphylaxis is suspected. Do not wait for a…

…measure in decontamination, and gastric lavage is today a rare procedure reserved for very serious poisonings in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit…

…fluid. The aspiration is technically simple — what determines the outcome is that it is done early and sterilely and that the samples are sent correctly…

…empirical intravenous antibiotics, fluid, a vasopressor and early source control. Sepsis is a dynamic condition. Investigation and treatment must therefore proceed in parallel and must…

…weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic flow Jet width colour Doppler small,, < 10 mm length, narrow origin variable large…

…anticoagulation, and possible reperfusion. The principal pathophysiological determinant of early adverse outcome is acute RV failure. In acute PE, obstruction of pulmonary blood flow increases…

…level, producing atrioventricular (AV) or intraventricular blocks. Isolated sinus bradycardia in the early hours following infarction may be associated with hemodynamic compromise. More broadly, bradyarrhythmic…

…characterized by persistently elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) from early life and a consequent excess risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD…

…thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery with myocardial necrosis. Although early clinical descriptions emerged at the dawn of the 20th century, widespread acceptance was delayed…

…Myocardial perfusion imaging techniques, such as SPECT and PET, can detect perfusion abnormalities early in this sequence, before mechanical dysfunction ( i.e. left ventricular systolic…

…heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing, level…

…5. Add ipratropium in a severe or life threatening attack. 6. Give a systemic steroid early. 7. Insert intravenous access, but do not let blood…

…and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA and HHS are dynamic…

…plasma glucose closely for at least 6 hours after insulin. 7. Contact nephrology early in anuria, in a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury…

…where needed, coagulation expertise at the same time [1]. Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and…

…peritonitis or pancreatic ascites. Therapeutic paracentesis: Tense ascites with abdominal discomfort, early satiety or respiratory compromise. Diuretic refractory or diuretic intolerant ascites, as recurrent treatment…

…centre , which in most countries is staffed around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with…

…malignancy and an aortoenteric fistula. Variceal bleeding generally has a higher early mortality than non variceal bleeding [1,2]. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can present as…

…elevation of CK and threatened kidney injury, as an adjunct to the decisive measure: early and generous fluid administration. The benefit of alkalinisation over fluids…

…been instrumental in identifying and staging chronic kidney disease (CKD), facilitating early intervention and management. Standardization: Its widespread adoption has led to standardized reporting of…

…C Blood samples Management Recommendation Level of evidence Serum biomarkers of myocardial infarction (troponin) should be sampled as early as possible without delaying reperfusion therapy…

…abnormal often abnormal abnormal, possibly flail CW profile mitral regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile mitral regurgitation parabolic variable early peak, triangular Size left…

…A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation. 2000 Oct…

…A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation. 2000 Oct…

…enlarged Size right atrium normal normal or enlarged enlarged CW profile tricuspid regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile tricuspid regurgitation parabolic variable early peak…

…time dependent inward currents. This process creates early afterdepolarisations (EADs) that generate premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and increases transmural dispersion of repolarisation, thereby facilitating reentry…

…and mortality The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early post infarction physical activity programmes into a structured centre of secondary cardiovascular prevention in…

…and an LVEF below 40%. Signs may be absent in early disease or after effective treatment. HFrEF is commonly associated with structural and functional ventricular…

…a potent P2Y12 inhibitor, preferentially prasugrel or ticagrelor. This strategy reflects the substantial early thrombotic risk after ACS and PCI. However, antiplatelet treatment also increases…

…These abnormalities produce breathlessness, orthopnea, weight gain, peripheral edema, early satiety, abdominal distension and, in some patients, bendopnea. Congestion may also aggravate functional mitral regurgitation…

…rises. Early absolute changes over 1 hour provide diagnostic information that supplements the initial concentration and can approximate the information obtained from longer serial intervals…

…In patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the early post event period is particularly vulnerable, and delayed intensification of lipid lowering therapy may leave patients…

…Thrombi may form early, within 48–72 hours of infarction. Early thrombus formation is associated with poor short term prognosis, although early mortality is usually…

…or mechanical complications. Risk assessment is intended to identify patients most likely to benefit from early coronary angiography and revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications…

…hyperplasia. A family history is therefore important, particularly in patients with early onset hypertension or premature cerebrovascular disease. PA is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial…

…Hormonal influences, including oestrogen and progesterone related structural changes in the coronary media. The early postpartum period, when marked hormonal changes occur. Hypertension and oestrogen…

…for the selected treatment to restore flow. Early reperfusion is therefore the central priority of STEMI systems of care. Fibrinolysis promotes thrombus dissolution by converting…

…The interval from treatment initiation to restoration of coronary flow. Early reperfusion, reduction of myocardial energy requirements and mitigation of reperfusion injury are complementary objectives…

…not yet formally incorporated into major clinical guidelines, it aligns with their emphasis on early angiography in high risk patients regardless of ECG findings. Thush…

…by an ectopic focus in the atria. The impulse from the premature beat reaches the His Purkinje system early, while some fibers are still refractory…

…ALS = Advanced life support. Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACLS) should be initiated as early as possible. In out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) ACLS is…

…to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest Yes 11 Berdowski et al Bystander CPR Yes 15 Hasselqvist et al Early defibrillation Yes…

…decrease in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes over the past decades. Furthermore, early revascularization in acute coronary syndromes (STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina) has increased…

…Pericardiotomy can be curative, which is why it is important to detect the disease early in the course. Hemodynamic effects of constrictive pericarditis Diastolic heart…

…of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life and a family history of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden…

…myocardial infarction. Moreover, early exercise tests should not be maximal, which means that the clinician must set a lower goal regarding workload (e.g. reaching…

…of cardiac arrest. Recurrent VT or VF after ROSC in a patient with a coronary risk profile should lead to consideration to perform early angiography.