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Basic Life Support (BLS) in cardiac arrest

…artery. According to current guidelines, laypeople do not need to perform the 3 rd assessment (reliable assessment of pulses requires training and experience). Thus, for…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…is the first line treatment and must be given early when anaphylaxis is suspected. Do not wait for a complete diagnosis or for grading. Antihistamines…

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…CPR should not be started. Moreover, CPR should not be started if it is evident that survival is impossible. The term do not attempt CPR…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…of all myocardial infarctions and episodes of myocardial ischemia, do not cause ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. It is clear that only a negligible fraction…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…3,4]. In parallel with the drug treatment Resuscitation, investigation and drug treatment must proceed simultaneously. Do not wait for laboratory results, CT or EEG…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Procedurer Aspirate and biopsy answer different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and…

Reduction of dislocations

…not with force. The methods that work best exploit time, gravity and slow movement; those that fail usually do so because the patient tenses up…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…blood gas and electrolytes can be interpreted, but some laboratories do not accept marrow blood in their analysers — check locally. Contraindications Peripheral venous cannula: Infection…

Casting and immobilisation

…do nothing else. The two ways in which casting harms the patient are that it is too tight — the swelling comes after the injury, not…

Spirometry

…aside time, coach actively, and do not accept a trace you would not be prepared to show a colleague. Indications Investigation of chronic cough, dyspnoea…

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