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Paediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation

Referensvärden A child's ECG changes continuously with age: the heart rate, the electrical axis and the waveform in the newborn differ markedly from adult…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…discharge, dizziness, tinnitus, fever in a child without an obvious focus, and before every ear syringing. Removal of cerumen: Hearing loss, a blocked sensation, itching…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…risk of transmitting the relevant variant to each child. However, other inheritance patterns, de novo variants, incomplete penetrance and variable phenotypic expression complicate risk prediction…

Abscess incision and drainage

…abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected necrotising soft tissue infection, a child who cannot tolerate the procedure while awake. Suspected…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…transparent object lying posteriorly or superiorly. Attempts already made and failed elsewhere. A child who cannot be kept still without sedation. Suspected tympanic membrane perforation…

Pediatric aspects of ECG leads & anatomy

…by a parent or other personnel. Distracting the child during ECG recording may be recommended to reduce muscle disturbances. To further reduce muscle disturbances it…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest Drug Adult Child : : : Adrenaline 1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 min. In asystole and PEA…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…with the child in the supine position. This is possible due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less…

Liver parameters

…often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance. Synthetic function and prognosis Child–Pugh Parameter 1 point 2 points…

Endotracheal intubation

…oxygenation despite maximal oxygen or non invasive ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with…

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