…the true lumen and cause ischemia. Guiding catheter trauma is an additional mechanism of dissection and impaired distal flow. These alternative causes must be distinguished…

…never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Intravascular imaging comprises catheter based techniques that directly visualize the coronary lumen, vessel wall, plaque, thrombus, and implanted…

…ischaemia may occur despite the absence of significant epicardial obstruction. In patients with anginal symptoms and unobstructed or non obstructive coronary arteries, possible mechanisms include…

…contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced from a peripheral artery to the aortic root and coronary ostia…

…Afterload : Afterload is the resistance that the the ventricle must overcome to pump blood out into the pulmonary artery. Resistance may increase in, for example…

…drawstring, absorbable alternatives (oxidised cellulose, a gelatin–thrombin matrix), a balloon catheter, or petroleum jelly impregnated ribbon gauze. Antibiotic ointment (for example mupirocin or bacitracin)…

…and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous catheter and an arterial line is necessary to achieve an optimal result. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes…

…access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the bleeding in order to obtain a central venous catheter. 4. Take…

…dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and…