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Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…red cells of the individual donor unit When irregular antibodies have been demonstrated, when the screening result is unclear, and otherwise according to local protocol…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis. Assessment of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

Liver parameters

…A normal GGT shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula in a large vein gives many times the flow…

🟠 BMI and Body Surface Area (BSA) calculator

…does not distinguish between fat, muscle, and bone mass. It does not indicate the types or distribution of body fat. It may not be accurate…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…Ménière's disease, TIA and arrhythmia, among others. Acute severe balance disturbance without nystagmus: HINTS does not apply. Assess gait and truncal stability and investigate…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols. Definition…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…at multiple angles. Tissue attenuation is expressed relative to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and…

Casting and immobilisation

…comes after the injury, not before — and that an edge or a fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute…

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