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Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…ruler in the image. A reduction in size of 40% within four weeks predicts healing — failure to shrink should prompt reconsideration of the diagnosis. 3…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…sparingly Prepatellar and olecranon bursitis The bursa Exclude septic bursitis first Injection is considered when 4–6 weeks of adequate conservative treatment — modification of loading…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…in the past three weeks, even before a blood count is available. The nadir often occurs 7 to 14 days after a course of chemotherapy…

Casting and immobilisation

…and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An open fracture or a wound…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…Definition and Pathophysiology Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hepatic protein that regulates the availability of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

…area according to the continuity equation (cm²) ≤ 1 cm² ZTime velocity integral of the tricuspid inflow (cm) 60 cm Pressure half time (T ½,ms…

🟠 Esmolol

…perioperative hypertension). Mechanism of action • Relatively cardioselective (beta 1 receptor blocker) beta blocker with ultra short acting effect. • Half life: 9 minutes. Effects • Esmolol is…

🟠 Left and right atrium

…cm 2.7–3.8 3.9–4.2 4.3–4.6 4.7 3.0–4.0 4.1–4.6 4.7…

🟠 Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery pressure

…cm 1.5–2.1 2.2–2.5 2.6–2.9 3.0 RV SIZE AND FUNCTION (MEASURED IN A4C) RV diastolic area…

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