…Pregnancy, gestational week and recent delivery. Pre eclampsia can present postpartum. Known hypertension and current antihypertensive treatment. Missed doses or abrupt withdrawal of a beta…

…2 ± 3.3 17.5 ± 1.4 All 14.7 ± 1.7 13.9 ± 1.8 16.9 ± 2.3 15.7 ± 1.8 Aortic…

…magnitude of ST segment deviation is measured as the height difference (in millimeters) between the J point and the PR segment. Refer to Figure 13…

…Sinuses of Valsalva 29 45 mm 15 20 mm/m2 Sinotubular junction 22 36 mm 13 17 mm/m2 Ascending aorta 22 36 mm 13…

…risk (1 point) S troke (1 point) HEMORR₂HAGES Score Risk category Incidence of major bleeding (per 100 patient years) 0 Low 1.9 1 Low…

…common causes of sudden cardiac arrest among adolescents and athletes (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause). Genetic mutations in ARVC At least 13 genes…

…and dissections. Stroke is subdivided into hemorrhagic stroke (13% of all cases) and ischemic stroke (87% of all cases). The terms hemorrhagic stroke and intracerebral…

…asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock. ECG 12 . Sinus rhythm. ECG 13 . Recurring VT…

…PE) ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓ Vital signs and measures of perfusion Parameter Normal Comment : : : Heart rate 50–100/min MAP 70–105 mmHg Target ≥ 65…

…often below 13.9 mmol/L. The condition occurs above all in: treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors pregnancy prolonged fasting or a very low carbohydrate intake…

…mmHg) Severe ≤ 13.3 kPa (≤ 100 mmHg) See the intensive care parameters for ventilator settings. Oxygen targets Aim for a saturation of 92–96 % in…

…Method of interpretation Heart rate Heart rhythm The P wave The PR interval The QRS complex The ST segment The T wave The U wave…

…optimal balance for deciding on ICD implantation, yielded a number needed to treat (NNT) of nine (95% CI: 6.3–13.6). References 1.Mazzanti…

…the optimal balance for deciding on ICD implantation, yielded a number needed to treat (NNT) of nine (95% CI: 6.3–13.6). References Mazzanti…

… } Interpretation of CHADS VASc score and decisions on anticoagulation Men Women Points Recommendation Evidence Recommendation Evidence 0 No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral…

…3–3.4 3.5–3.7 3.8 2.2–3.1 3.2–3.4 3.5–3.6 3.7 LV diastolic…

…5–21 (10) 0.5–17 (7) 0.5–12 (4) 0.5–13 (5) 0.5–17 (6) 0.5–18 (7) 1–21 …

…conventional hypertension threshold. The traditional diagnostic threshold of 140/90 mmHg derives from epidemiological observations associating pressures above this level with increased mortality. Contemporary management…

…double blind, placebo controlled study of 13,970 patients at high cardiovascular risk who were unable or unwilling to take statins. Approximately 70% were in…

…asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation be entirely inhibited (as seen in acute airway obstructions…

…consensus report by MacFarlane et al it was noted that roughly 5% to 13% of all individuals in a Western population display early repolarization pattern…

…one" – is used to denote the occluded coronary artery. In the majority of cases, it is only possible to determine the ischemic/infarct area (and…

…7–23.4%) Likelihood of 30 day survival was 10.7% (95% CI 9.1–13.3%) Likelihood of survival to hospital discharge was 8…

…Although this is a subjective measure, it provides a fairly good estimate of the actual workload. The perceived exertion may be graded from 0 (none…

…Table 2. The 17 segments of the left ventricle Basal Segments Mid cavity Segments Apical Segments 1. basal anterior 7. mid anterior 13. apical anterior…

…ejection of blood (Figure 3). this is demonstrated by the fact that the muscle fibers themselves can only be shortened by about 13% of their…

…5–21 (10) 0.5–17 (7) 0.5–12 (4) 0.5–13 (5) 0.5–17 (6) 0.5–18 (7) 1–21 …

…asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock. ECG 12 . Sinus rhythm. ECG 13 . Ventricular tachycardia…

…Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score is a clinical tool designed to estimate the risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing anticoagulation therapy…

…across a wider range of heart rates compared to Bazett’s formula. Fridericia's Formula: QTc = QT interval / (RR interval) 1/3 Framingham (Sagie…

…rise can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome [1,2]. Hyponatraemia is primarily a disorder of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body…

…area according to the continuity equation (cm²) ≤ 1 cm² ZTime velocity integral of the tricuspid inflow (cm) 60 cm Pressure half time (T ½,ms…

…recurrent pain [1,3,4]. This quick reference gives internationally established doses. Drug availability, thrombolysis regimens, renal function thresholds and the division of work between…

…Oral vancomycin (only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal function. Require drug concentration monitoring Drug Comment : : Vancomycin (intravenous) Loading dose by weight…

…2.8 2.9–3.1 3.2 1.7–2.5 2.6–2.8 2.9–3.1 3.2 ATRIAL AREA LA…

…formula: MAP ≈ Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) + 1/3 × (Systolic Blood Pressure [SBP] – DBP) This formula accounts for the longer duration of diastole compared to systole…

…decreases and vice versa. The physiological purpose of this phenomenon is to allow for faster cardiac cycles during tachycardia (e.g during physical exertion). Therefore…

…applies where you work. They assume normal renal and hepatic function, a non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See the separate quick…

…or a very strong clinical suspicion. 3. Give intravenous calcium in the presence of hyperkalaemic ECG changes or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells…

…pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of…

…without a definite diagnosis. Choice of technique Diagnostic question Method Comment : : : Pigmented lesion, suspected melanoma Excision with a 1–3 mm margin, down into the…

…QT interval + 154 x (1 RR interval) Hodges QTc = QT interval + 1.75 x [(60 / RR interval) − 60] Equations for correction of QT intervall.

…volume (SV) should be placed between the leaflet tips (1–3 mm axial length of SV) and sweep speed is set to 50 mm/s…

…and screen and the serological crossmatch have a limited period of validity — usually about five days — because new antibodies can form after transfusion or pregnancy…

…high risk HDL Women 1.3, men 1.0 mmol/L Triglycerides < 1.7 mmol/L 10 carries a risk of pancreatitis Cardiac markers…

…approximately 1–3 mm, and may not show the EEM through substantial plaque or calcium. Blood clearance is required because blood causes strong backscatter of…

…blood flow Normal coronary blood flow at rest: 0.6 to 1.3 mL/min/g of myocardial tissue During hyperemia (maximum stress): Approximately 3…