…Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older than 65 years presenting with heart failure and increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness [3…

…41–49%. In this group, structural abnormalities such as left atrial enlargement or left ventricular hypertrophy, or echocardiographic evidence of impaired filling, make the diagnosis…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of…

…intraosseous needle. Procedure Peripheral venous cannula 1. Apply the tourniquet 10–15 cm proximal to the intended puncture site, let the arm hang, ask the…

Procedurer Compression is the treatment that heals venous leg ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency…

Cardiology Pulmonary embolism occurs when venous thrombi embolize to the pulmonary artery or its branches. In the majority of cases, the thrombus is formed in…

…on venous circulation. • May cause reflex sympathetic stimulation (can be counteracted with simultaneous administration of beta blockers). Effects Induces arteriolar vasodilation without effects on venous…

…etiologies when promptly and appropriately addressed. Both venous and arterial blood gases can be utilized for the analysis of electrolyte levels. Electrocardiography (ECG) serves as…

…air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart. In instances of tension pneumothorax…

…Management : : : Medial triangle of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers…