…present with symptoms of predominant right heart failure, including lower extremity edema, ascites, and hepatic enlargement [8, 10]. Atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter…

…41–49%. In this group, structural abnormalities such as left atrial enlargement or left ventricular hypertrophy, or echocardiographic evidence of impaired filling, make the diagnosis…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of…

…rule that saves time is simple: two attempts or 90 seconds — then go intraosseous. Indications Peripheral venous cannula: Intravenous drug treatment, fluid or blood products…

Procedurer Compression is the treatment that heals venous leg ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency…

Cardiology Pulmonary embolism occurs when venous thrombi embolize to the pulmonary artery or its branches. In the majority of cases, the thrombus is formed in…

…on venous circulation. • May cause reflex sympathetic stimulation (can be counteracted with simultaneous administration of beta blockers). Effects Induces arteriolar vasodilation without effects on venous…

…etiologies when promptly and appropriately addressed. Both venous and arterial blood gases can be utilized for the analysis of electrolyte levels. Electrocardiography (ECG) serves as…

…air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart. In instances of tension pneumothorax…

…Management : : : Medial triangle of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers…