…third thing to know by heart is that an arterial line must never be confused with a venous access. Indications Continuous blood pressure monitoring in…

…a new cardiac murmur, or jugular venous distension in the days after MI should prompt immediate consideration of a mechanical complication. Clinical deterioration may be…

…former). Even small pressure elevations on the right side can compromise venous return to the right ventricle. Therefore, in the presence of a tamponade, chest…

…2,3]. Respiratory complications occur, but untreated convulsive status itself carries a considerable risk of hypoxia and respiratory failure. In placebo controlled trials, respiratory depression…

…risk of complications calls for careful consideration of contraindications. Contraindications may be absolute or relative. Briefly, exercise stress testing must not be performed in the…

…Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Western countries, and ultrasound studies are now performed in the majority of patients with stroke or…

…prolonged, produces multiorgan dysfunction and death. In the setting of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiogenic shock most commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction…

…HF), atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular events. In clinical practice, obesity is conventionally defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of…

…when peripheral access fails or is judged futile. Children in an emergency, where peripheral venous access often takes too long. Intraosseous access accepts all drugs…