…analogues, methotrexate, biological agents, adrenaline (second choice) Slower, 20–30 min Intradermal (ID) Tuberculin (PPD), skin prick testing, a local anaesthetic weal, BCG Slow, local…

…gastrointestinal bleeding, leucocytosis or acidosis. Suspected malignancy, tuberculous peritonitis or pancreatic ascites. Therapeutic paracentesis: Tense ascites with abdominal discomfort, early satiety or respiratory compromise. Diuretic…

…despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical diagnosis supported by echocardiography: Finding Comment : : Hypotension, distended neck…

…aspirated. Suspected empyema or complicated parapneumonic effusion. Suspected malignancy, tuberculous pleurisy or chylothorax. Therapeutic aspiration: dyspnoea caused by a pleural effusion, whatever the aetiology. Chest…

…cause of pericardial effusion is infections, such as viral, bacterial, and tuberculous infections. Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free ventricular…

…Important clinical associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis Malignant pericardial disease Tuberculosis Purulent or bacterial pericarditis Trauma Cardiac surgery and other iatrogenic cardiovascular procedures Acute…