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Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…this setting, venous congestion is generally treated initially with diuretics, whereas norepinephrine and/or inotropes are reserved for low output and hemodynamic instability. Evaluation and…

Casting and immobilisation

…a tendon injury, or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…for example hypoglycaemia, poisoning, stroke, meningitis and a postictal state. 3. Check a repeat plasma sodium if the result is unexpected or does not fit…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…is generally sufficient for the assessment of pH and bicarbonate. An arterial blood gas is needed mainly when concomitant respiratory failure or an exact assessment…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…be administered with or without food. For patients who cannot swallow the tablets whole, they can be crushed, mixed in half a glass of water…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…vaccination. Relative: Lymphoedema or previous axillary clearance on the same side. A paretic limb — poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation…

Abscess incision and drainage

…Drainage material: rubber dam drain, a strip cut from a glove, petrolatum impregnated packing strip or a vessel loop for loop drainage. Gauze, absorbent dressing…

🟠 TIMI Risk Score for NSTEMI and unstable Angina

All patients with NSTE ACS (NSTEMI or unstable angina) are treated similarly with respect to anti ischemic and anti thrombotic drugs. Management must, however, be…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…blood blister) is to be expected, that the area will be red and weeping for a week or so, and that hypopigmentation may be permanent…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…of microvascular obstruction and the territory supplied by the treated vessel. Possible manifestations include: Persistent or recurrent myocardial ischemia Deterioration in ventricular function Hemodynamic instability…

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