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Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…For vaccination: adrenaline 1 mg/mL, an antihistamine, oxygen, and the ability to lay the patient down. Injection Needle Angle Maximum volume per site : : : : Deltoid…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…the typical range of 36.5 37.6°C (97.7 99.7°F). It arises when heat production or acquisition surpasses the body's capacity for…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…debridement 1. Cleanse with lukewarm tap water or saline; showering the leg is a good option. 2. Apply topical anaesthetic cream under occlusion for 30

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…4. Topical anaesthesia into the lower fornix. 5. Evert the upper eyelid. Ask the patient to look down. Grasp the eyelashes, press gently downwards on…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…or an infusion Suspected adrenal crisis Give the corticosteroid immediately. Do not wait for laboratory results. Take a serum cortisol and ACTH first only if…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Antibiotic ointment (for example mupirocin or bacitracin), saline, and an intravenous cannula for expanding the tampon. Topical tranexamic acid on a pledget or as a…

Short Synacthen test

…and a history of anaphylaxis — a relative contraindication; the test is then performed with preparedness for anaphylaxis. An untreated Addisonian crisis in progress: treat first…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint or absent. Take cultures immediately, but never let…

ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave

…myocardial ischemia: ischemic ST segment & T wave changes This chapter discusses typical and atypical changes in the ST segment and the T wave during myocardial…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

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