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Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Drug eluting stents (DES) are the predominant device used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They evolved from balloon angioplasty and…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…whereas bilevel NIV delivers pressure support above the expiratory pressure and thereby increases ventilation and lowers the carbon dioxide. Pulmonary oedema calls for the former…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…the device senses the rhythm through the cable, not through the pads. A pulse oximeter, a blood pressure cuff, and an arterial line for prolonged…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…lead to misclassification. Blood pressure should be measured with a validated and calibrated device using a consistent method for the individual patient. The recommended procedure…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…Checking an intrauterine device or a pessary. Assessment of prolapse. Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on…

Basic Life Support (BLS) in cardiac arrest

…instructors worldwide. Basic life support (BLS) 1. Safety at the scene The first step in BLS is to check the scene for safety. BLS can…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…the interventions available in BLS, the number needed to treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy…

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR)

…a bridge, offering support until a definitive or interim therapeutic solution can be reached. There is no consensus regarding the criteria for ECMO initiation. However…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…gas determines the need for ventilatory support . At the same time, exacerbation is a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea…

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