…cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis, recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative:…

…Take care in impaired sensation (neuropathy, spinal cord injury) — the patient does not feel the pressure sore. Preparation and equipment Material Comment : : Stockinette Innermost against…

…count below 50 × 10⁹/L is often quoted as the threshold, but the threshold varies between regions. Infection of the skin over the puncture site…

…needles. An 18 G puncture needle, 7–9 cm (a spinal needle or the needle from a pericardiocentesis set), 10 mL and 20 mL syringes…

…aorta, usually just distal to the left subclavian artery. Type IIIa: remains confined to the descending thoracic aorta. Type IIIb: extends below the diaphragm. The…