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Eye examination and corneal foreign body

Procedurer The single most important step in any eye injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second…

Laryngeal mask and difficult airway

Procedurer The laryngeal mask is the single most important tool when intubation fails, since it restores oxygenation without requiring a view down into the larynx…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

Cardiology SPECT vs. PET In SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography), radiotracers emit gamma photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to…

Blood pressure

…raised pressure without organ involvement — lower it orally over days. Hypertensive emergency: raised pressure with acute organ damage (encephalopathy, pulmonary oedema, aortic dissection, acute renal…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

[calc_map] Mean arterial pressure (MAP) represents the average pressure within the arteries throughout a single cardiac cycle, encompassing both systole and diastole. It is…

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With SPECT and PET

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Purpose Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

… A single blood pressure value does not define a hypertensive emergency. Even a blood pressure above 220/120 mmHg can occur without acute organ damage…

Sudden cardiac arrest: Case 4

…ECG 2 . Spontaneous termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT). ECG 3 . A single ventricular beat, followed by a three ventricular beats (VT). ECG 4 . Regular supraventricular…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…the bedside. The check against the patient's own identity immediately before transfusion is the single most important safety measure in the entire chain. In…

Urinary alkalinisation

…simple — bicarbonate and a look at the urine dipstick — but it fails routinely for one single reason: without normal potassium the urine cannot be alkalinised…

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