…tamponade The pericardial space (cavity) always contains a small amount of serous fluid which acts as a lubricant that prevents friction during ventricular contraction and…

…pericardial disease, it is important to conduct a careful investigation as several conditions may affect hemodynamics and the underlying cause is often serious (e. g…

Procedurer The most serious transfusion accidents rarely stem from laboratory errors but from the wrong blood being given to the wrong patient — a mislabelled tube…

Echocardiography Endocarditis Endocarditis implies that a bacterial infection engages the heart valves and this is a serious condition. The focus of infection on the flap…

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

…The most common serious error is dilating a vessel that turns out to be an artery — everything in the technique is designed to make sure…

…FASS) before administration — concentrations and formulations differ between units, and most serious dosing errors arise at the dilution step, not in the choice of dose…

…measure in decontamination, and gastric lavage is today a rare procedure reserved for very serious poisonings in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit…

…is given. The serious incidents almost always arise when the principle of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a…

…increases. This results in increased left ventricular load, while simultaneously affecting systemic perfusion. Aortic stenosis is a serious condition with poor long term outcomes. Patients…