…STE ACS (ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome) : STE ACS occurs when plaque rupture, and the ensuing atherothrombosis, causes a complete occlusion of the coronary artery…

…STE ACS (ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome) : STE ACS occurs when plaque rupture, and the ensuing atherothrombosis, causes a complete occlusion of the coronary artery…

…90 days. The central clinical danger is progressive aortic wall disruption, rupture and compromise of branch vessels. Type A disease may cause cardiac tamponade, severe…

…population screening test. It may also be considered in selected lower risk individuals with a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally…

…subtypes based on pathophysiology and clinical context: Type 1 MI: Caused by atherothrombotic coronary artery disease, usually precipitated by atherosclerotic plaque disruption (rupture or erosion)…

…Plaque rupture with exposure of thrombogenic material. Superficial plaque erosion. Thrombosis associated with a calcified nodule. Epicardial or microvascular coronary spasm. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection…

…artery bypass grafting (CABG) Types 4b and 4c fulfil the criteria for type 1 MI because they represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of…

…physiological effect of a coronary lesion depends on more than its visual diameter reduction. Relevant determinants include: Lesion eccentricity Vessel tortuosity Calcification Plaque rupture or…

…papillary muscle rupture. The risk of rupture is greater for the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only receives blood supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries)…

…myocardial infarction is the most severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic…

…types of ischemia– chronic, acute, or subacute –lead to regional abnormalities in contractile function. The abnormalities affect the myocardial area supplied by the arteries distal…

…severe cases, there can be a rupture of the atria or ventricles. Myocardial infarction : The contusion can cause coronary artery dissection, atherothrombosis or rupture, resulting…

…abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery. Plaque erosion or rupture exposes thrombogenic material to circulating blood…

…extent of underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) and structural cardiac abnormalities. Mechanisms involving reduced myocardial perfusion include fixed coronary atherosclerosis without plaque rupture, coronary artery…

…Coronary mechanisms Coronary mechanisms include: Plaque rupture or plaque erosion with thrombosis, despite the absence of an angiographically obstructive lesion Coronary embolism or thrombus Epicardial…

…saccular aneurysm. Symptomatic isolated lesions may represent early periulcer haemorrhage or developing IMH and carry greater risk of progression or rupture than asymptomatic lesions. Predisposing…

…G, 25 mm for the carpal tunnel, de Quervain's and trigger finger. Syringes of 3, 5 and 10 mL, artery forceps, gauze, a dressing…

…risk of embolization Relative contraindications for exercise ECG Severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure 200 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 110 mmHg). Left main coronary artery…

…rehabilitation, ablative or surgical interventions The test does not define the structure or composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, identify plaques at high risk of rupture…

…is uncertain. In these settings, OCT or IVUS may demonstrate plaque rupture, thrombus, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), or another occult structural abnormality. IVUS IVUS…

…including older adults, although older patients also have more contraindications and a greater risk of bleeding and myocardial rupture. Late presentation For patients presenting more…

…occur simultaneously (if both territories are affected by the same artery occlusion). Approximately 30% of patients with posterolateral infarction will also have right ventricular infarction…

…architecture and mechanical stability. Atherosclerotic lesions commonly arise at sites of disturbed flow, including branch points in the epicardial coronary arteries. Early lesions may undergo…

…Rupture exposes highly thrombogenic subendothelial matrix components, notably tissue factor and collagen, to the circulating blood [3] . Plaque Erosion: Responsible for up to 30% of…

…but a substantially higher rupture risk; one guideline summary describes approximately a four fold greater risk. This difference informs the use of sex specific surveillance…

…unexplained drop in arterial pressure. Silent or unrecognized infarction occurs more often in patients without antecedent angina and in those with diabetes and hypertension. Of

…at risk of bending or damage during chest compressions. References DeBehnke DJ, Hilander SJ, Doubles DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood…

…right atrial pressure. The haemodynamic consequences are progressive impairment of right and left sided filling, reduced stroke volume, diminished cardiac output, falling arterial pressure, and…

…short term prognosis, although early mortality is usually related to the extent of myocardial injury and its complications—shock, reinfarction, myocardial rupture, and ventricular tachyarrhythmia…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…progressive, and cardiogenic shock may develop rapidly. Ventricular septal rupture VSR typically causes: Recurrent chest pain. Dyspnoea. Hypotension. Rapid development of biventricular failure. Pulmonary oedema…

…results in increased levels of circulating pro inflammatory cytokines that may cause plaque rupture (i.e the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during…

…common cause of pericardial effusion is infections, such as viral, bacterial, and tuberculous infections. Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free…

…pressure Marked respiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid inflow The echocardiographic counterpart of pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute…

…hepatic capsule rupture, placental abruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiple organ failure. In the absence of treatment, approximately 1 in 100 cases of preeclampsia may…

…subacute cardiac rupture, particularly when the effusion develops in the early post infarction period. Clinical presentation and symptoms The characteristic clinical syndrome consists of: Malaise…

…impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures…

…anaesthesia. Placenta praevia or ruptured membranes in pregnancy — a speculum may be used, but not digital examination until the position of the placenta is known…

…major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from…