…distal pulse and sensation throughout the arm. External rotation (the Hennepin technique). The patient lies supine or sits. The upper arm is held adducted against…

…admission of a patient with known ascites. Clinical deterioration in a cirrhotic patient with ascites: fever, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, rising creatinine, gastrointestinal bleeding, leucocytosis or…

…pacing may rarely result in pacing during ventricular repolarization and provoke ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The likelihood of clinically significant EMI is generally low…

…or electrophysiology in relation to ACE inhibitor therapy. Biomarkers and Laboratory Findings Monitoring renal function and potassium is a critical component of ACE inhibitor therapy…

…at the time of examination and that the examiner is experienced with the head impulse test; performed on the wrong patient or by an inexperienced…

…direction of the rotation with 5 observations per cycle. Using 3 observations per cycle, it is not possible to determine the direction of the rotation…

…It manifests in the form of sudden prolongations in the P P interval (without relation to respiration). Approximately half of all newborns exhibit sinus pauses…

…review on this topic [1]. References [1] G Heusch. Myocardial Ischemia: Lack of Coronary Blood Flow or Myocardial Oxygen Supply/Demand Imbalance? Circ Res. 2016…

…alleviate ischemic chest pain may lead to hemodynamic collapse in patients with right ventricular ischemia or infarction. Recognizing ECG signs of right ventricular involvement is…

…defibrillator. Survival in relation to initial rhythm In cardiac arrest, the initial rhythm (on the first recorded ECG) is a very strong predictor of survival…

…diameter of the ventricular cavity decreases (Figure 2B). The muscle fibers adjacent to the epicardium are oriented approximately 60° in relation to the fibers of…

CPR Cardiac arrest is a result of tachyarrhythmia, bradyarrhythmia or asystole. The tachyarrhythmias include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). The bradyarrhythmias include…

…can determine whether dysfunctional myocardium or myocardium supplied by a diseased vessel, is viable and could benefit from revascularization. Evaluating the success of revascularization : Myocardial…

…number of transducer movements can be made in order to focus on the region of interest and optimize the image. These maneuvers are tilting, rotating…

…Absence of an adequate collateral circulation. A first or anterior infarction. Single vessel disease without collateral support. Chronic kidney disease, particularly in relation to VSR…

…treatment — modification of loading, eccentric exercise, an NSAID, an orthosis — has not given a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection…

…SVGs), rotational atherectomy, and procedures performed for acute myocardial infarction. In SVG PCI, slow flow or no reflow rates may reach 15%–20%, substantially exceeding…

…in relation to the expected increase. The cut off for chronotropic incompetence is 80% (i.e less than 80% diagnoses chronotropic incompetence) Management of chronotropic…

…The coronary arteries and their relation to the ECG leads. Localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia is done by using ECG changes to determine the affected…

…layer results in a twisting (rotating) motion of the entire left ventricle. Basal segments rotate clockwise, and the apex rotates counterclockwise. This rotating, or twisting…

…5. With severe symptoms: give hypertonic saline immediately. Do not wait for a complete work up of the cause or for imaging. 6. Document the…

…that the baseline is the level of the PR segment). Refer to Figure 1 B . Figure 1. (A) The relation between the action potential and…

…effect. Some studies (including randomized clinical trials) have suggested the benefit of ischemic preconditioning, while other studies have failed to establish such a relation. The…

…the most common cause of sinus arrest/pause. It commonly affects younger individuals who endure intense emotional stress, acute pain or other stimuli that increases…

…features of third degree AV block On the ECG P waves have no relation to the QRS complexes. The QRS complexes may be normal or…

…Note that narrow complex tachyarrhythmia rarely causes circulatory compromise or collapse. Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s) : ventricular…

…by itself, establish the presence or haemodynamic significance of a specific stenosis. Clinical Role and Indications CAC scoring is principally a risk stratification tool for…

…degenerated saphenous vein grafts, rotational atherectomy, and acute MI procedures. Distal embolization of atheromatous or thrombotic material is an important proposed mechanism. No reflow may…