…to a hanging head. Frenzel goggles or video Frenzel if available — small beats of nystagmus can otherwise be hard to see, particularly when the patient…

…and an absent or markedly reduced y descent. The clinical impact depends not only on effusion volume but also on the rate of fluid accumulation…

…healing Ear canal stenosis or exostoses Narrow and hard to reach Ongoing otitis externa Pain, spread of infection A small or uncooperative child Movement causes…

…medication or dietary sodium restriction may therefore mimic pharmacological resistance or contribute directly to persistent hypertension. Resistant hypertension is associated with a higher likelihood of…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and heart failure. There are six main types of cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM…

…rarely heard due to restrictive pathophysiology and impaired ventricular relaxation [10]. There is also an increased risk of intracardiac thrombus and stroke or systemic embolization…

…thickness of the pericardium can be measured and in most cases, a thickening is noted. Table 1 presents the similarities and differences between restrictive cardiomyopathy…

…guidelines recommend restricting routine diagnostic genetic testing in BrS strictly to SCN5A [2] . More recently, the paradigm has shifted toward an oligogenic or polygenic architecture…

…fraction is reduced). Left ventricular diastolic function may be normal or exhibit a restrictive pattern (increased E/A ratio and rapid deceleration time; see Diastolic…

…and screen and the serological crossmatch have a limited period of validity — usually about five days — because new antibodies can form after transfusion or pregnancy…

…A restrictive pattern: a reduced TLC — this cannot be established with spirometry alone, but is suspected when the FVC is low with a normal or…

…<1 ≥1 ≥1 <1 <1 <1 ARdur – Adur (ms) ≥30 ≤0 ≤0 or ≥30 ≥30 ≥30 ≥30 AR speed (cm/s) <35 <35 <35 ≥35…