…antihypertensives, should prompt clinical suspicion [1]. Cardiac Signs and Symptoms Patients often present with symptoms of predominant right heart failure, including lower extremity edema, ascites…

…is lower during inspiration. Differential diagnosis: restrictive cardiomyopathy It is important to be able to differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy, as a result of…

…recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative: Marked cervical restriction of movement or pain — use the Semont manoeuvre or the side…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…lead to obstruction of the LVOT (Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, HOCM). Dilated cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy, DCM) . Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM…

…It generally results from accumulation of pericardial fluid, blood, or, less commonly, a mass. Tamponade occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure…

…deficiency, folate deficiency — transfusion is rarely the right measure. Contraindications Anaemia that can be corrected with iron, B12 or folate in a stable patient. Transfusion…

…medication or dietary sodium restriction may therefore mimic pharmacological resistance or contribute directly to persistent hypertension. Resistant hypertension is associated with a higher likelihood of…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…fraction is reduced). Left ventricular diastolic function may be normal or exhibit a restrictive pattern (increased E/A ratio and rapid deceleration time; see Diastolic…

…carbon monoxide An obstructive pattern: FEV₁/FVC below the lower limit of normal (traditionally < 0.70). A restrictive pattern: a reduced TLC — this cannot…

…light reflex → the handle and short process of the malleus → the pars flaccida → signs of fluid (a level, bubbles, retraction or bulging)…

…<1 ≥1 ≥1 <1 <1 <1 ARdur – Adur (ms) ≥30 ≤0 ≤0 or ≥30 ≥30 ≥30 ≥30 AR speed (cm/s) <35 <35 <35 ≥35…