…the patient gets too little oxygen but that the prescription has no target — the nasal cannula stays in place for days without anyone asking why…

…septicemia (sepsis), osteolytic cancer metastases, abnormal calcium absorption (gastrointestinal) and resorption (from primary urine), renal failure, small bowel syndrome, parathyroid gland surgery, use of bisphosphonates…

CPR Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) and ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) Survival after cardiac arrest depends on the restoration of spontaneous cardiac rhythm. The likelihood of…

…acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds, with submillimetre spatial resolution. Iodinated contrast is generally required for coronary angiography because the…

…patient with symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. The immediate therapeutic objective is restoration of coronary blood flow to the infarct zone, thereby limiting infarct size and…

…of ischaemic symptoms. The immediate pathophysiological objective is restoration of blood flow to the infarct related myocardial territory and limitation of infarct size. The extent…

…that distinguishes obstructive from restrictive impairment of lung function, and COPD cannot be diagnosed without it . The quality of the test determines its entire value…

…those individuals genuinely at risk of arrest. This predictive problem has proven persistently resistant to resolution. Known predictors of cardiac arrest The only risk biomarker…

…making ALI a medical emergency in which prompt recognition, specialist assessment and restoration of perfusion are essential. The abrupt arterial obstruction may result from progression…

…improvement of symptoms and quality of life. Restoration of patency may be particularly relevant when the occluded artery supplies viable myocardium with demonstrable ischaemia. However…

…failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with or without diabetes Heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum, according to the guideline key points Patients with…

…Pathophysiology ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent…

…time). Since M mode only analyzes a single ultrasound line, its temporal and axial resolution is very high, as compared with 2D echocardiography. M mode…

…much as possible, without excluding regions of interest. Reducing the depth results in an increased frame rate and thus enhanced image resolution. If a particular…

…photons emitted in opposite directions. PET scanners detect these gamma rays to construct images with high spatial and temporal resolution. PET offers higher spatiotemporal quality…

…excellent, with the vast majority of patients recovering completely after restoration of sinus rhythm (or any other rhythm with normal ventricular rate and activation). Recovery…

…Figure 1. Echocardiogram showing takotsubo cardiomyopathy in acute phase (A) and resolution phase (B). Note the apical ballooning of the apical portion fo the left…

…ms) to generate. As illustrated previously (Axial and lateral resolution of the ultrasound image) line density diminishes with increasing distance from the transducer. Figure 2…

…undergone a profound paradigm shift. Driven by advanced electroanatomical mapping, high resolution cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, and landmark clinical trials, the field has transitioned…

…Resolution of the symptoms when the glucose is normalised [3]. A healthy person without diabetes therefore does not normally need investigation on the basis of…

…2. Marked sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, sick sinus syndrome with long pauses. Bradycardia in poisoning with a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker or digitalis…

…48 hours after exposure, with a peak at approximately 3–5 days and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring…

…most suitable imaging modality for detecting neoatherosclerosis, although its resolution does not consistently permit identification of foamy macrophages. The occurrence of neoatherosclerosis helps explain why…

…investigation of restenosis and stent thrombosis. Intravascular imaging may also clarify the mechanism of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), particularly when angiography shows no significant…

…myocardial dysfunction caused by coronary artery disease (CAD). The clinical syndrome may resemble primary dilated cardiomyopathy, particularly when angina or a previous myocardial infarction (MI…

…lower pulse repetition frequency and consequently lower resolution. Visualizing proximally located structures enables the use of greater pulse repetition frequency, which results in greater resolution…

…the vibrations of the crystals, allowing sound waves to be sent out in shorter pulses and this improves resolution (discussed below). In front of the…