…hour half life, entering cardiomyocytes via the Na + /K + ATPase pump. It undergoes redistribution, making it suitable for assessing viability and hibernating myocardium, at the…

…fluid or blood products. Contrast medium for CT (this requires a large bore cannula in a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk…

…or an infusion Suspected adrenal crisis Give the corticosteroid immediately. Do not wait for laboratory results. Take a serum cortisol and ACTH first only if…

…balloon pump. Assessment of stroke volume variation as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to…

…in its inhibition of the Na+ K+ ATPase, the enzymatic equivalent of the cellular sodium pump. Digoxin binds reversibly to a specific high affinity site…

…without the need for chest compressions. ECMO is considered in individuals who can survive with satisfactory quality of life if the circulation is temporarily supported…

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

…Afterload : Afterload is the resistance that the the ventricle must overcome to pump blood out into the pulmonary artery. Resistance may increase in, for example…

…two broad categories: Electrical complications , particularly ventricular arrhythmias. Mechanical or pump failure complications , including heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Most out of hospital deaths occur…

…the rhythm [4]. Mechanical Support : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) may be required for hemodynamic support [4]. Advanced Therapies : Consideration…

…The ECG is a useful tool for detecting hypertrophy/dilatation but echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI) are superior to the ECG in terms…

…manages the pump themselves where possible. In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2…

…components of the intraventricular conduction system. Because the conduction system is crucial for rapid and synchronized activation of the ventricles, conduction defects will typically cause…

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

…Immunosuppression. Suspicion of another diagnosis: gout, a felon (pulp abscess), herpetic whitlow ( never incise a herpetic whitlow ), subungual melanoma (a pigmented longitudinal nail band that…

…blood is ejected into the aorta. Left ventricular volume decreases as the ventricle contracts and pumps blood into the aorta. After the maximum pressure is…

…These factors include age, afterload, myocardial synchronization and intracellular processes ( e.g intracellular calcium signaling, the sodium–potassium pump, mitochondrial function, actin myosin interactions, etc…

…pulmonary artery pressure etc . The right atrium must then enlarge (hypertrophy) in order to manage to pump blood into the right ventricle. Right atrial enlargement …

…increases the venous return to the heart. Contracting muscles function as a pump that propels blood back to the heart. The respiratory depth (volume) increases…

…the fact that the right ventricle pumps blood against greater resistance, as compared with the left ventricle. Understanding this requires knowledge of the fetal circulation…

…the fact that the right ventricle pumps blood against greater resistance, as compared with the left ventricle. Understanding this requires knowledge of the fetal circulation…