…hour half life, entering cardiomyocytes via the Na + /K + ATPase pump. It undergoes redistribution, making it suitable for assessing viability and hibernating myocardium, at the…

…fluid or blood products. Contrast medium for CT (this requires a large bore cannula in a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk…

…or an infusion Suspected adrenal crisis Give the corticosteroid immediately. Do not wait for laboratory results. Take a serum cortisol and ACTH first only if…

…balloon pump. Assessment of stroke volume variation as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to…

…in its inhibition of the Na+ K+ ATPase, the enzymatic equivalent of the cellular sodium pump. Digoxin binds reversibly to a specific high affinity site…

…without the need for chest compressions. ECMO is considered in individuals who can survive with satisfactory quality of life if the circulation is temporarily supported…

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

…Afterload : Afterload is the resistance that the the ventricle must overcome to pump blood out into the pulmonary artery. Resistance may increase in, for example…

…two broad categories: Electrical complications , particularly ventricular arrhythmias. Mechanical or pump failure complications , including heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Most out of hospital deaths occur…

…the rhythm [4]. Mechanical Support : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) may be required for hemodynamic support [4]. Advanced Therapies : Consideration…