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Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…cerebrovascular disease. PA is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. Compared with patients with primary hypertension matched for age, sex…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…Determination of symptom onset time and anticipated time to primary PCI. Patients with STEMI should be monitored in a setting capable of continuous rhythm surveillance…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…Primary prevention refers to individuals without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease. Secondary prevention concerns patients with…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…Secondary prevention Although outside the principal scope of primary prevention, secondary prevention provides an important contrast. Patients with manifest clinical disease are at high risk…

🟠 Mitral valve

Mitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0,3 0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation PISA radius < 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

Procedurer Two recordings that are performed in primary care but interpreted as specialist investigations. Both fail more often for practical than for medical reasons: the…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

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