…involve a surgeon The following locations must not be handled routinely in primary care or in the emergency department without contacting the appropriate specialty: Location…

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and pathophysiology Primary aldosteronism (PA), also termed primary hyperaldosteronism or Conn syndrome, comprises disorders in which aldosterone secretion is inappropriately increased…

…instability or life threatening arrhythmias. Twelve to 48 hours after onset: routine primary PCI should be considered in otherwise stable patients. More than 48 hours…

…intracranial bleeding. Evidence in primary prevention Cardiovascular outcomes Contemporary primary prevention studies and meta analyses show that aspirin can reduce non fatal cardiovascular events, but…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Scope Primary prevention aims to prevent the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals without established clinical CVD. It…

Mitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0,3 0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²…

Tricuspid valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation PISA radius < 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm…

…are performed in primary care but interpreted as specialist investigations. Both fail more often for practical than for medical reasons: the cuff is in the…

…the left side. A positive test in the posterior canal is characterised by: A latency of 1–5 seconds before the nystagmus begins. Upbeating and…