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Reduction of dislocations

…Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon. Dislocation of a native hip (as opposed to a prosthesis) — a…

Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

…the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1). This area is most frequently…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…have improved by the time of medical evaluation, because transient or evolving ischaemia may still require urgent reperfusion assessment. Posterior myocardial infarction may be electrically…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…causes left posterior fascicular block (LPFB) . In a fascicular block, the myocardium without fascicular supply will depend on impulses spreading from other parts of the…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…anomaly is characterized by the following malformations: The septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve adhere to the ventricular myocardium (failure of embryological delamination)…

Mitral valve stenosis

…and P3 (posterior or lateral scallop). Figure 1. Anatomy of the mitral valve The leaflets are connected to the papillary muscles via chordae tendineae (Figure…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…but posterior circulation stroke is the most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior part of the…

Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

…PE) ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓ Vital signs and measures of perfusion Parameter Normal Comment : : : Heart rate 50–100/min MAP 70–105 mmHg Target ≥ 65…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…the eyes for a further period — reversal of the nystagmus is common. 6. Repeat on the left side. A positive test in the posterior canal…

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