…presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when…

…limitation causes air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most severe cases, hypotension, pneumothorax and respiratory…

…attack and aborts most attacks within 15–20 minutes. An undrained pneumothorax. A high oxygen concentration washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds…

…pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing, level of consciousness and circulation…

…time Highest risk of pneumothorax, the vessel cannot be compressed after arterial puncture, technically more difficult with ultrasound Femoral vein Fastest, and does not interfere…

…and too much is drained. Bedside ultrasound immediately before the puncture markedly reduces the risk of pneumothorax and is now the standard — puncture on the…

…pneumothorax. Facial trauma, facial burns or recent facial surgery that make a seal impossible. Recent surgery on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus and…

…to the diagnosis and management of bradyarrhythmias. In the setting of cardiac arrest, it is essential to reconfirm the rhythm in two leads if possible…

…hypoxia, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, preexisting acidosis, drug overdose, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. When bradycardia occurs in the context of inflammatory heart disease, it often reflects…

CPR Hypoxia and asphyxiation Hypoxia refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia…