…over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An…

…With a glass injury: consider radiography, since glass is usually visible on plain films. Irrigation fluid: a copious volume of drinking quality tap water or…

…Plain abdominal radiography has limited sensitivity. A calcified aneurysmal outline may be visible, but approximately one quarter of aneurysms are not calcified and therefore cannot…

…promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim…

…stopped for coughing, chest pain, or when the volume limit is reached. Indications Diagnostic aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear cause. An effusion not…

…Despite this relatively low prevalence, missed myocardial infarction remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently…

…is pain free lying still but screams when turned has not finished being titrated. Expect an opioid naive adult to need 5–15 mg of…

…unstable pain: the onset takes 12 to 24 hours and the offset just as long. Breakthrough dose During ongoing opioid treatment: a breakthrough dose of…

…Costochondritis and general musculoskeletal pain are common causes of chest pain [2]. Pain Characteristics: Pain reproduced with palpation is often indicative of a noncardiac source…

…infarction Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, evaluation and management Chest pain is one of the most common symptoms in the emergency department…