…the basis of percussion and a chest radiograph alone belongs to an earlier era. The needle is inserted close to the upper border of the…

…With a glass injury: consider radiography, since glass is usually visible on plain films. Irrigation fluid: a copious volume of drinking quality tap water or…

…Plain abdominal radiography has limited sensitivity. A calcified aneurysmal outline may be visible, but approximately one quarter of aneurysms are not calcified and therefore cannot…

…promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim…

…over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An…

…and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around…

…depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given for the pain…

…50 mg of oral morphine per day. Patches have no place in acute, unstable pain: the onset takes 12 to 24 hours and the offset…

…and a history of pain exacerbation with inspiration, along with a pleural friction rub, helps differentiate it from angina pectoris [5]. 5. Pulmonary Hypertension Pain…

…presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination…