…promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim…

…of function is a tendon injury that was sutured over without being found. Indications A traumatic wound that gapes and cannot be expected to heal…

…the basis of percussion and a chest radiograph alone belongs to an earlier era. The needle is inserted close to the upper border of the…

…over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An…

…Plain abdominal radiography has limited sensitivity. A calcified aneurysmal outline may be visible, but approximately one quarter of aneurysms are not calcified and therefore cannot…

…neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen, or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fatigue, faintness, and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be considered…

…depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given for the pain…

…50 mg of oral morphine per day. Patches have no place in acute, unstable pain: the onset takes 12 to 24 hours and the offset…

…and a history of pain exacerbation with inspiration, along with a pleural friction rub, helps differentiate it from angina pectoris [5]. 5. Pulmonary Hypertension Pain…

…presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination…