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Wound suturing

…With a glass injury: consider radiography, since glass is usually visible on plain films. Irrigation fluid: a copious volume of drinking quality tap water or…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…Most AAAs are located below the renal arteries and are related to atherosclerotic disease. At least 90% of AAAs larger than 4 cm are associated…

Reduction of dislocations

…promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…stopped for coughing, chest pain, or when the volume limit is reached. Indications Diagnostic aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear cause. An effusion not…

Casting and immobilisation

…over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…Despite this relatively low prevalence, missed myocardial infarction remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…is pain free lying still but screams when turned has not finished being titrated. Expect an opioid naive adult to need 5–15 mg of…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…analgesic; always give it in parallel unless contraindicated NSAID PO According to the preparation Avoid in renal failure, heart failure, a history of peptic ulcer…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…The evaluation of acute chest discomfort requires a systematic differential diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…rare condition) In addition to these five conditions, there are numerous other causes of chest pain, but the other causes are either subacute or non…

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