Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major independent risk factor for thromboembolism, including ischaemic stroke. This risk applies…

…resulting in increased AV block. Sinus node dysfunction can be caused by supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (e.g. atrial fibrillation). Typically, periods of sinus node dysfunction occur…

…tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Atrial tachycardia AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) AV re entrant tachycardia (AVRT) Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia …

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices…

…convulsive activity, t2, the risk of permanent neuronal injury increases. Treatment must therefore start at 5 minutes and be escalated without unnecessary pauses [1]. The…

…contamination, not poor suture technique — and the commonest cause of permanent loss of function is a tendon injury that was sutured over without being found…

…without any recurring costs. Purchasing this membership grants you permanent access to the website and there are no additional costs and no recurring costs. Ever.

…develop earlier. Standard textbooks have traditionally taught that the pathological Q wave is a permanent ECG manifestation and that it represents transmural infarction (STEMI). However…

…If the ischemia persists for 20 minutes, myocardial infarction ensues, resulting in permanent wall motion abnormalities. Figure 1. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for echocardiography…

…experienced practitioner in selected cases, but surgery is the standard. Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower…

…Self sampling for HPV is now a permanent part of the programme and is widely used — a woman who does not attend for a gynaecological…

…the pain of transcutaneous pacing. It is a bridge to a permanent pacemaker or to resolution of the underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body…

…and hyperkalemia. For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest has not demonstrated…

…toward them. A permanent pacemaker is generally indicated when reversible causes are absent and the patient is symptomatic or at risk of developing symptoms. The…

…not exclude a coronary cause of symptoms. CCS is a clinical syndrome rather than a permanently stable state. Patients may remain stable for prolonged periods…

…as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. Screening is particularly pertinent in the presence of hypokalaemia or treatment resistance. Hypokalaemia should not be permitted when assessing…