…may also develop tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (Gopinnathair et al). Long term prognosis is excellent, with the vast majority of patients recovering completely after restoration of…

…temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest has not demonstrated clear benefit. Long term pharmacological management…

…persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central therapeutic objective is…

…contamination, not poor suture technique — and the commonest cause of permanent loss of function is a tendon injury that was sutured over without being found…

…2. Marked sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, sick sinus syndrome with long pauses. Bradycardia in poisoning with a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker or digitalis…

…experienced practitioner in selected cases, but surgery is the standard. Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower…

…technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination must be preceded by information about each step, take place with the patient's ongoing…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices…

…implantation Bradyarrhythmia is the main indication for the implantation of a pacemaker. When considering a permanent pacemaker for bradyarrhythmia, it is important to distinguish persistent…

…convulsive activity, t2, the risk of permanent neuronal injury increases. Treatment must therefore start at 5 minutes and be escalated without unnecessary pauses [1]. The…

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…develop earlier. Standard textbooks have traditionally taught that the pathological Q wave is a permanent ECG manifestation and that it represents transmural infarction (STEMI). However…

…integral aspect of virtually every echocardiographic examination. Wall motion is assessed in each segment of the left ventricle (Figure 1; refer to Segments of the…

…permanent pacemaker is generally indicated when reversible causes are absent and the patient is symptomatic or at risk of developing symptoms. The most common non…

…presence of non obstructive epicardial arteries does not exclude a coronary cause of symptoms. CCS is a clinical syndrome rather than a permanently stable state…

…approximately 20–25% of secondary hypertension cases. Coarctation of the aorta and renovascular disease are important non endocrine causes, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension…