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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…of a millilitre, at most about 0.5 mL. A larger volume draws in peripheral blood and dilutes the specimen. Marrow clots within seconds; the…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols. Definition…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…by the fact that there is no (or very little) turnover of myocardial cells and therefore myocardial troponins should not be detected in the blood…

🟠 Nicardipine

…Nicardipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium in the myocardial and peripheral vascular smooth muscle cell membranes, thus inhibiting the contraction of smooth muscle cells…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes — the wound may not heal. Over superficial nerves…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…chronic kidney disease (CKD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Figure 1 (below) shows weight loss effects of novel multi agonists in recent clinical trials (Rawshani…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…5. Biopsy any ulcer that has not healed within three months despite adequate treatment — malignancy (Marjolin's ulcer, basal cell carcinoma) and vasculitis do occur…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…Nicardipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium in the myocardial and peripheral vascular smooth muscle cell membranes, thus inhibiting the contraction of smooth muscle cells…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…duration, sex and genetic predisposition. Acute cardiovascular effects Acute ethanol exposure has a negative inotropic effect and promotes peripheral vasodilation through reduced systemic vascular resistance…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…Nicardipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium in the myocardial and peripheral vascular smooth muscle cell membranes, thus inhibiting the contraction of smooth muscle cells…

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