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Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…cardiovascular disease, including PAD Conversely, patients with CVD should be screened systematically for diabetes because undiagnosed T2DM is common and has major therapeutic and prognosti

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…et al 1 ). Representative single beat morphs for a low risk patient (blue) and the corresponding high risk morph (red). Beyond the difference in R…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…patient — the device senses the rhythm through the cable, not through the pads. A pulse oximeter, a blood pressure cuff, and an arterial line for…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…an expired type and screen discovered when the patient is already bleeding costs precious time. Exact validity periods and the rules for electronic issue differ…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…transient, self terminating AF during ST elevation myocardial infarction may indicate an increased long term risk of stroke. In patients with acute decompensated heart failure…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…by some patient populations. The sensitivity, specificity, risks, and results of the exercise test may be affected by patient characteristics. For example, exercising patients with…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Suction and give oxygen as needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…Clinical probability in the stable patient The Wells criteria for pulmonary embolism: Criterion Points : : Clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis 3 Pulmonary embolism is the…

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